Selection Strategy of Apoptosis Products- Early apoptosis
Apoptosis is a dynamic process, which involves a series of complex biochemical reactions, expression regulation of multiple genes, signal transduction, cascade reactions involving multiple enzymes and multiple signal pathways. The cell feels the corresponding apoptosis signal stimulation, and a series of control switches in the cell are turned on or off, and activation of various enzymes triggers a series of cascade reactions. Different external factors initiate apoptosis in different ways, resulting in different signal transduction. Early apoptosis Feature 1: eversion of lipid membrane inside In normal cells, phosphatidylserine (PS) is only distributed on the inner side of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In the early stage of cell apoptosis, PS turns from the inner side of the lipid…
Complete solution of immunoprecipitation (IP)-break down the key steps of IP step by step!
Step 1: Understand what immunoprecipitation is? Why should I do immunoprecipitation? Immunoprecipitation (IP) is a method for purifying and enriching target proteins from specific mixtures (usually cell lysates or expression supernatants) by using antigen-antibody specific reactions. The traditional IP experiment is that after the antibody is combined with the target protein, it is incubated with agarose or magnetic beads coupled with Protein A /G (Fc fragment of binding antibody), and the bead-protein A/G- antibody-target protein complex is obtained by centrifugation. The complex is washed and eluted for subsequent downstream experiments. IP is an important step in many protein-related researches. It is used to study the existence, relative abundance, up-down regulation of protein expression, protein-to-stability and interaction of proteins. Summary: The…
CheKine™ Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit, a great tool for study of hyperuricemia
Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans. Xanthine oxidase (XO, EC 1.17.3.2 ) is present in appreciable amounts in the liver and jejunum in healthy individuals. Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. In various liver disorders, XO is released into circulation. Therefore, determination of serum XO level serves…
CheKine™ Lactate Assay Kit, fast quantitative determination of L (+)-Lactate in various samples
Lactate (CH3CH(OH)COO-) is a metabolic compound formed in animals by the action of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate is produced in proliferating cells during anaerobic conditions such as exercise. Abnormally high concentrations of lactate have been related to pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and lactate acidosis. L(+)-Lactate is the major lactate stereoisomer formed in human intermediary metabolism and is present in blood at levels of around 1-2 mmol/L. D(-)-Lactate can also be found in blood but only at about 1-5% of the concentration of L(+)-Lactate. Lactic acid is the end product of glycolysis in the body, which can be produced when tissue hypoxia or pyruvic acid is not oxidized in time. Usually, the lactic acid obtained from metabolism does…
Want High accuracy and specificity? Yes, it’s Abbkine CheKine™ Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit with great value
【Background】 Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Likewise, catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second. Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from…
Observing three-dimensional dynamics of the nucleus in live cells, Abbkine will give you great experiences !
Live-cell imaging technique allows real-time examination of almost every aspect of cellular function under normal and experimental conditions, so it is especially popular with cytology researchers. Abbkine TraKine™ Pro is a series of cell-permeable organic fluorescent probes which can selectively recognize and label organelles. Currently, we launched the staining kits involve tubulin, lysosome, mitochondrion and nuclei. This paper introduces the TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Nuclei Staining kit (Deep Red Fluorescence with Super Resolution). Function of nucleus The nucleus is the largest and most important cell structure in eukaryotic cells, mainly composed of nuclear envelope, chromatin, nuclear skeleton, nucleolus and nucleosome. Nuclear membrane is a two-layer membrane that completely encloses the nucleus and separates the material within the membrane from the cytoplasm…
Caspase(1,2,3,4,6,8,9) Assay Kit- Simple and convenient, to boost your apoptosis study
【Tips】If you are studying whether a certain drug can trigger apoptosis which relys on the caspase related pathway, and want to detect the activity of caspase, this article is suitable for you! This article is especially fit for researchers who are working hard to benefit the mankind. 【Background】 Caspases(cysteine-aspartic proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death (including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis) and inflammation. The cascade reaction caused by caspases is a central part of the apoptotic process, and its activation mainly includes the mitochondria-dependent pathway and the death receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway. The downstream caspases are then activated, leading to apoptosis by cleavage of specific substrates. Inhibition of apoptotic function will lead to…
TraKine™ Pro Mitochondrion live-cell Fluorescence Probe-I just want to surpass MitoTracker®！
【REVIEW】： TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Fluorescence Tool-Perfect compatibility with long-term super-resolution fluorescence imaging TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Tubulin Staining kit-Your Best Choice for Cytoskeleton Study Living cell staining, super-resolution Lysosome tracing Extensive research has indicated that intracellular organelles are integrated into cellular networks and collaborate on various cellular tasks rather than acting as isolated entities. Specialized membrane contact sites are formed between organelles, providing distinct spatial regions for executing and regulating their functions. Mitochondria is crucial dynamic organelles that participate extensively in many important cellular processes. Its dysfunction has been implicated in diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Capturing the dynamic process of subcellular organelles in living cells is crucial to the study of disease mechanism. The limitations…
Living cell staining, super-resolution Lysosome tracing
【REVIEW】： TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Fluorescence Tool-Perfect compatibility with long-term super-resolution fluorescence imaging TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Tubulin Staining kit-Your Best Choice for Cytoskeleton Study Lysosome is an important organelle in animal cells. Its integrity is closely related to animal physiology and pathology. Lysosomes are vesicle-like organelles surrounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of acidic hydrolases. Their main function is to carry out intracellular digestion and specialize in decomposing various exogenous and endogenous macromolecular substances. Lysosomes in cells are heterogeneous, and the size and types of hydrolytic enzymes contained in lysosomes may vary greatly. The marker enzyme is acid phosphatase. Recent studies have found that phagocytes and lysosomes have bidirectional signaling functions. The ability of lysosomes to move towards…
TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Tubulin Staining kit-Your Best Choice for Cytoskeleton Study
【Review 】 TraKine™ Pro Live-cell Fluorescence Tool-Perfect compatibility with long-term super-resolution fluorescence imaging As soon as the Abbkine TraKine™ Pro fluorescent dyes were released, they received high attention from living cell imaging researchers all over the world. With extremely high specificity, the probes can last for several hours in living cells, which is particularly suitable for studying the dynamics and interactions of subcellular structures in live cells for super-resolution imaging. In eukaryotes, microtubules are one of the main components of cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton is not only involved in supporting cells, but also related to almost all forms of cell movements, such as cell migration, transport of organelles and macromolecules. In addition, it is closely related to signal transduction and cell division.…
