Descriptions：GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family. GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, white adipose tissue and the brain. The 366 amino acid (aa) mouse GDF-3 contains a 22 aa signal sequence, a 230 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature protein that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. The mature region contains a cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. However, it lacks the fourth cysteine which is responsible for the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond, so GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer. Mature human GDF-3 shares 83%, 83% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GDF-3. Most of GDF-3 is present as the uncleaved prepro form. The uncleaved and the mature forms both appear to have activity, but that activity may differ. All forms can oppose BMPs. In ES cells, inhibition of BMP2 signaling by GDF-3 maintains pluripotency. GDF-3 also influences early cell fate decisions; for example, deletion of mouse GDF-3 produces defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo. GDF-3 cooperates with GDF-1 in embryogenesis, and the mature protein has nodal-like activity. Although GDF family members signal through BMP receptors (ALK1, 2, 3 and 6), which activate Smads 1, 5 and 8, GDF-3 signaling through ALK4 and ALK7, which activate Smads 2 and 3, has also been reported. In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet, promoting adipogenesis and obesity.
Applications：No tag
Tags：GDF3
Descriptions：Pleiotrophin (PTN) also known as HB-GAM, which is a Growth Factors involves in widely range of biological events such as bone development, neural regeneration, inflammatory response, tissue repair. PTN is 18.9 kDa protein containing 168 residues that expressed in Osteoblast and brain. Besides, PTN has been revealed to suppress the long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus and plays a critical role in modulating learning-related behavior. On the other hand, PTN also acts as an angiogenic factor that promotes tumor progression by PTN/Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) axis.
Applications：His tag
Tags：Pleiotrophin
Descriptions：Caspase 3/7 Activity Apoptosis Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence)-KTA3027-caspase 3/7--
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Descriptions：Transforming Growth Factors-Beta 3 (TGF-beta 3) is belonging to the TGF-β superfamily TGF-β3 is 86%, 91% similar to TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. TGF-beta 3 is a 12.8 kDa protein containing 412 amino acids, which could inhibitor of DNA synthesis, increases cellular proliferation, essential mediator of EMT in cardiac morphogenesis, and up-regulated by milk stasis and induces apoptosis in mammary gland epithelium during involution.
Applications：His tag
Tags：TGF-β3
Descriptions：Haptoglobin is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the blood. Haptoglobin is usually produced by liver cells, but it is also produced by other tissues, such as skin, lung and kidney. It is a positive acute phase protein, which binds to free hemoglobin and removes it from circulation to prevent kidney injury and iron loss after hemolysis. Decreased levels can be seen in hemolysis and impaired liver function. A high level is a sign of acute or chronic inflammation. Hemoglobin deficiency or hypohaptoglobinemia is caused by mutation of haptoglobin gene and/or its regulatory region. Haptoglobin is also related to diabetic nephropathy, the incidence of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, inflammatory disease behavior, susceptibility to primary sclerosing cholangitis, idiopathic Parkinson's disease and the reduction of the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Applications：His tag
Tags：Haptoglobin
Descriptions：Soil Nitrite Reductase (S-NiR)
Descriptions：Soil Neutral Protease (S-NPT)
Descriptions：Noggin is a 46.2 kDa bioactive protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer (each chain 23.1 kDa). Noggin binds members of the transforming Growth Factors-beta (TGF beta) superfamily signaling proteins, such as bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), which inactivates their activities. As a extracellular antagonist of BMP proteins, Noggin involves in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. In addition, Noggin is able to inhibit chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5.
Applications：His tag
Tags：Noggin
