Descriptions：GDF-3（以前称为Vgr-2）是TGF-β超家族成员，属于生长/分化因子家族。GDF-3在未分化的胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）、白色脂肪组织和脑中表达。小鼠GDF-3由366个氨基酸组成，包含一个22个氨基酸的信号序列、一个230个氨基酸的前肽和一个114个氨基酸的成熟蛋白，该成熟蛋白含有一个潜在的N-糖基化位点。成熟区包含一个在家族成员中保守的半胱氨酸结结构。然而，它缺少负责形成分子间二硫键的第四个半胱氨酸，因此GDF-3可能以非共价同型二聚体的形式存在。成熟的人GDF-3与小鼠和大鼠GDF-3的氨基酸序列同一性分别为83%和83%。大部分GDF-3以未裂解的前原形式存在。未分裂形式和成熟形式似乎均具有活性，但活性可能有所不同。所有形式均可对抗BMP。在ES细胞中，GDF-3抑制BMP2信号传导可维持多能性。GDF-3还影响早期细胞命运决定；例如，删除小鼠GDF-3会导致原肠胚形成前胚胎的前内脏内胚层出现缺陷。GDF-3在胚胎发生过程中与GDF-1协同作用，成熟蛋白具有类似节点的活性。虽然GDF家族成员通过BMP受体（ALK1、2、3和6）发出信号，从而激活Smads 1、5和8，但也有报道称GDF-3通过ALK4和ALK7发出信号，从而激活Smads 2和3。在脂肪细胞中，高脂饮食会诱导GDF-3，从而促进脂肪生成和肥胖。
Tags：GDF3
Descriptions：Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is secreted by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells,Bcells,macrophages,mast cells,endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimulation.
Applications：His tag
Tags：M-CSF
Descriptions：Mouse IFN-γ protein, His Tag, expressed in E. coli
Tags：IFN-γ
Descriptions：Abbkine CheKine™ Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Colorimetric Assay Kit is designed for detecting the Pyruvate Kinase activity in the sample.
Tags：PK
Descriptions：Human IL-1β protein, expressed in E. coli
Tags：IL-1β
Descriptions：Mouse IL-1α protein expressed in E. coli
Tags：IL-1α
Descriptions：Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a lectin family member and is one of the tandem repeat-type galectins containing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker region in a single peptide chain. The CRD is responsible for β-galactoside binding, and the binding partners for galectin-8 have been identified, including CD44 and a subset of integrins. Galectin-8 and integrins form complexes, subsequently leading to phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which activates signal pathways including MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Galectin-8 is constitutively presented in the Liver, kidney, cardiac muscle, lung, and brain. Galectin-8 serves as an immunosuppressive protective role against autoimmune CNS inflammation, regulating the balance of Th17 and Th1 polarization.
Tags：Galectin-8
Descriptions：C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 (CCL3) is a 7.66 kDa cytokine with 69 amino acid residues. CCL3, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha), is expressed in the spleen, lung, and articular cartilage. Upon binding to the receptor, CCR1, CCR4, or CCR5, CCL3 plays a vital role in immune response, such as inflammation, recruitment of immune cells, and production of IL-1β and TNF. In addition, CCL3 also participates in resistance to type 1 virus infection, astrocyte cell migration, regulation of macromolecule metabolic process, and regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
Tags：CCL3
Descriptions：霍乱毒素 (CT) 是由霍乱弧菌产生的 AB5 型肠毒素，是霍乱症状的致病原因。一些文献表明，该毒素与糖蛋白结合，其 B 链与细胞表面的 GM1 神经节苷脂五糖结合。
Tags：Toxin B
