Descriptions：Basic fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF-2, bFGF, FGF-β), a 18 kDa pleiotropic cytokine, plays multiple roles in different cells and tissues. FGF-2 can stimulate smooth muscle cell growth, wound healing, and tissue repair. In addition, FGF-2 has been shown to regulate the generation of neurons and astrocytes from progenitor cells. FGF-2 are also involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. As a multifunctional cytokine, FGF-2 is first isolated from the pituitary. Later, it was identified from various cell types including cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells.
Tags：FGF-2
Descriptions：Mitochondrial Transhydrogenase-2 (TH-2)
Descriptions：Sucrose
Tags：Sucrose
Descriptions：Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the neurotrophic factor, belonging to the GDNF family of ligands (GFL) and identifying as a therapeutic candidate in Parkinson's disease. GDNF is a 23.7 kDa protein containing 211 residues that plays a critical role in promoting the survival and differentiation of midbrain dopamine neurons. Besides, GDNF is revealed to facilitate the development of peripheral tissues such as kidney, pancreas and lung. Additionally, as a member of GFL, GDNF also takes part in the progression of tumor.
Tags：GDNF
Descriptions：Malic enzyme (ME) is widely present in the cytoplasm of microorganisms, cultured cells, animals, and plants, especially with high activity in plant tissues. ME catalyzes the reversible oxidation decarboxylation of malic acid, producing pyruvate and CO2, as well as the reduction reaction accompanied by NAD(P)+, which is a key enzyme in malic acid metabolism.
Descriptions：Glutamine synthase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) is mainly present in plants and is one of the key enzymes for ammonia assimilation in organisms.
Descriptions：Insulin Like Growth Factors 1 (IGF-I) is a 7.81 kDa member of the Insulin-like Growth Factors with 71 amino acid residues. IGF-I is mainly expressed from liver, adipose tissue, cervi, endometrial stromal cells, leydig cells, and can be isolated from plasma. IGF-I is mediating the protein anabolic and promoting effect of pituitary growth hormone. IGF-I also affects metabolism of glycogen, DNA synthesis and glucose uptake via binding to IGF-I receptor.
Tags：IGF-I
Descriptions：Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) predicts a molecular mass of 13 kDa, is a vital regulatory molecule that functions throughout human development in mesoderm induction, tooth development, limb formation, bone induction, and fracture repair and is overexpressed in patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. BMP-4 is a critical signaling molecule required for the early differentiation of the embryo and establishing of a dorsal-ventral axis. BMP-4 is secreted from the dorsal portion of the notochord, and it acts in concert with sonic hedgehog to establish a dorsal-ventral axis for the differentiation of later structures.
Tags：BMP-4
Descriptions：Interferon-Beta 1a (IFN-beta 1a) is a leukocyte interferon, which is a variant of Interferon-beta. IFN-beta 1a is a 19 kDa protein containing 166 amino acid residues. It could bind the interferon receptors that activates the signal transduction of immune responses through the Jak/STAT pathway in leukocytes and lymphoblastoid cells.
Tags：IFN-β1a
